In their declaration on migration, the 28 EU leaders said: "A key element of a sustainable migration policy is to ensure effective control of our external border and stem illegal flows into the EU."
The plan includes:
- Increased training and equipment for the Libyan coastguard
- Stepped up efforts to block smuggling routes
- Better conditions for migrants at Libyan reception centres
- More EU involvement with countries near Libya to slow the influx
- Supporting local communities on migration routes and in coastal areas to improve their socio-economic situation
The declaration says the EU remains committed to an earlier deal with Turkeywhich came into force last March and resulted in a sharp reduction of migrants travelling to northern Europe from Syria via the Balkans.
However, analysts say a similar result is unlikely in the immediate term in the central Mediterranean because of the continuing instability in Libya.
They warn that reliable partners in Libya are hard to find and that shutting existing routes might simply lead to the opening of new ones.
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